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Brothers in Unity

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Brothers in Unity</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1768 (1768)–1878; revived 2021 <a href="Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="College_literary_societies" title="College literary societies">Literary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data">Independent</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Emphasis</th><td class="infobox-data">Debating Society</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Scope</th><td class="infobox-data">Local</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">E parvis oriuntur magna "From small things come great things"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member badge</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chapters</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Members</th><td class="infobox-data">150 active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data">Brothers</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full Name</th><td class="infobox-data">The Society of Brothers in Unity</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="New_Haven%2C_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a>, <a href="Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brothersinunity.org">www.brothersinunity.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

Brothers in Unity (formally, the Society of Brothers in Unity) is an undergraduate literary and debating <a href="Student_society" title="Student society">society</a> at <a href="Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Founded in 1768 as a literary and debating society that encompassed nearly half the student body at its 19th-century peak, the group disbanded in the late 1870s after donating its collection of books to help form Yale's central library.<a href="#cite_note-:03-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:23-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:33-4">[4]</a>

It was revived in 2021 as a literary and debating society by members of the senior class and alumni.<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Unlike other <a href="Secret_society#Colleges_and_universities" title="Secret society">Yale senior societies</a>, Brothers in Unity admits students from all four undergraduate years.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_incarnation">First incarnation</h3></div>

The Society of Brothers in Unity at Yale College was founded in 1768 by 21 members of the Yale classes of 1768, 1769, 1770, and 1771. The society was founded chiefly to reduce class separation among literary societies; at the time, Yale freshmen were not "received" into any society, and junior society members were forced into the servitude of seniors "under dread of the severest penalties".<a href="#cite_note-cat_pref-7">[7]</a>

<a href="David_Humphreys_(soldier)" title="David Humphreys (soldier)">David Humphreys</a>, a freshman of the class of 1771, persuaded two members of the senior class, three junior class members, two sophomores, and 14 freshmen to support the establishment of a new society.<a href="#cite_note-cat_pref-7">[7]</a> Its founding members were:<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a>

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<ul><li>Joseph Barker</li>

<li>Lewis Beebe</li>

<li>John Brown</li>

<li>William Burrall</li>

<li>David Close</li>

<li>Josiah Cotton</li>

<li>Henry Daggett</li>

<li>Phinehas Fanning</li>

<li>Levi Hubbell</li>

<li><a href="David_Humphreys_(soldier)" title="David Humphreys (soldier)">David Humphreys</a></li>

<li>Mark Leavenworth</li>

<li>Achilles Mansfield</li>

<li>Allyn Mather</li>

<li>Sylvester Muirson</li>

<li>James Nichols</li>

<li>Josiah Pomeroy</li>

<li>Oliver Stanley</li>

<li>Simeon Tryon</li>

<li>Joseph Woodbridge</li></ul></div>

The group picked Stanley as its first president.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a>

The notion of including freshmen was challenged by two or three existing literary groups that waged "an incessant war" against the new society, as described in Brothers in Unity's 1841 catalog of members. But within a year, Brothers became fully independent, its popularity influencing other societies to reconsider their exclusion of first-year students. The Yale College freshman class of 1771 ultimately yielded 15 members to the new group, while the older <a href="Linonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Linonia">Linonian Society</a> accepted four—the first recorded time in which underclassmen were publicly accepted into a Yale society.<a href="#cite_note-cat_pref-7">[7]</a> It is speculated that this struggle launched the Brothers' century-long rivalry with Linonia.

Through at least 1841, the society is said to have followed the template of other debating societies, although operating under "Masonic secrecy," according to 19th-century Yale historian <a href="Ebenezer_Baldwin" title="Ebenezer Baldwin">Ebenezer Baldwin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-9">[9]</a> Baldwin wrote that the group, in conjunction with Linonia and the <a href="Calliopean_Society" title="Calliopean Society">Calliopean Society</a>, discussed scientific questions and gravitated towards literary pursuits. This is substantiated by the Brothers' public documentation, which says the society sought "lofty places in science, literature, and oratory" fields, as well as general "intellectual improvement."<a href="#cite_note-cat_pref-7">[7]</a> It also produced plays, including contemporary British dramas and works by its members.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>

By the beginning of the 19th century, most Yale College students joined either the Brothers or Linonia.<a href="#cite_note-:1-11">[11]</a> "While the official curriculum remained extraordinarily rigid, the student body built a rich extra-curriculum through the literary societies that allowed them to explore subjects that would normally have no place in the college," wrote Elizabeth James in 2015. "Research papers, debates, and literary exercises gave vitality to intellectual life within the college. The societies provided a place where student voices and opinions could be heard, and their questions or thoughts about the world around them interrogated by their classmates."<a href="#cite_note-:03-2">[2]</a> These societies helped pave Yale's way toward a broader European model of education.<a href="#cite_note-:03-2">[2]</a>

Both groups held expansive literary collections, which they used to compete against each other. Between 1780 and 1841, the Brothers claimed to own more volumes than Linonia, although these assertions are disputed.<a href="#cite_note-cat_pref-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-9">[9]</a> Despite their rivalry, the two societies described each other as "ornaments" of Yale and "generous rivals."<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-cat_pref-7">[7]</a> When Yale built its first central library in 1846, Linonia and Brothers in Unity accepted the library's invitation to house their collections in the new building. For several decades, the collections were maintained separately, each with a librarian, staff, catalogs, and building entrance. However, the society declined during the <a href="American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> and against the competition of newer secret societies such as <a href="Skull_and_Bones" title="Skull and Bones">Skull and Bones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> Linonia and Brothers proposed donating their collections to Yale in 1860, and this was finally done in 1872.<a href="#cite_note-:03-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:23-3">[3]</a> These donations are commemorated in the Linonia and Brothers Room of Yale's <a href="Sterling_Memorial_Library" title="Sterling Memorial Library">Sterling Memorial Library</a>. The reading room contains the Linonia and Brothers (L&B) collection, a travel collection, a collection devoted to medieval history, and books recently added to Sterling's collections.

Brothers in Unity disbanded after the library donation; various sources say this happened in 1871, 1872, or 1878.<a href="#cite_note-:03-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:23-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:33-4">[4]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_incarnation_(2021-present)">Second incarnation (2021-present)</h3></div>

In 2021, 21 Yale undergraduates revived the defunct society in a different form.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> While the original Brothers had a relatively open admissions policy and a large membership, its new incarnation follows the model of Yale's restrictive and smaller senior <a href="Secret_Societies_at_Yale_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret Societies at Yale University">secret societies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-9">[9]</a>

The new group says it seeks members with professional experience in, or simply passion for, certain types of public service, including the <a href="United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S. armed forces</a>, <a href="United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a>, the <a href="United_States_Foreign_Service" title="United States Foreign Service">U.S. foreign service</a>, and <a href="United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">U.S. intelligence community</a>;<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a> and, in "exceptional circumstances", people who demonstrate business leadership or entrepreneurship.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>

The society is funded by the 1768 Foundation Inc., a <a href="501(c)(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a> public charity administered by alumni.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols_and_traditions">Symbols and traditions</h2></div>

Internally, members call the society the Brotherhood.<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a> In 1768 or 1769, the Brothers adopted the motto E parvis oriuntur magna, meaning "From small things come great things". Its values are chivalry, openness, and selflessness.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2></div>

Brothers in Unity holds debates and invites speakers to discuss contemporary entrepreneurship, foreign policy, literature, and politics.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> In 2021, it hosted a lecture named for <a href="Morrison_Waite" title="Morrison Waite">Morrison Waite</a>, the seventh chief justice of the <a href="U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a>, who helped strike down the <a href="Civil_Rights_Act_of_1875" title="Civil Rights Act of 1875">Civil Rights Act of 1875</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> The Brothers also award the David Humphreys Prize for a valedictory oration.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a>

In 2022, the Brothers donated photographs and documents concerning its revival to the <a href="Yale_University_Library" title="Yale University Library">Yale University Library</a>'s Manuscript and Archives collection.<a href="#cite_note-Series_Accession_2023-A-0011-16">[16]</a> The Brothers convene regular debates and special lectures in the Mendell Room at the Brothers in Unity Courtyard in <a href="Branford_College" title="Branford College">Branford College</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2></div>

Membership in Brother in Unity admits 10 new members each spring.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> A current Yale professor acts as an ex-officio member to advise the society. As of May 2025, it had 175 alumni and current members.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a>

Members of the group between 1768 and 1841 include 26 Yale valedictorians, several Supreme Court justices, one Chief Justice, six governors, 13 Senators, 45 Congressional representatives, a Secretary of the Navy, a Secretary of the Treasury, a Postmaster General, 14 presidents of colleges and universities, two U.S. Attorneys General, and a U.S. Vice President.<a href="#cite_note-cat_pref-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-17">[17]</a> By 1841, a total of 2,828 students had belonged to the group.<a href="#cite_note-:4-17">[17]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h2></div>

<th>Name

</th>

<th>Class Year

</th>

<th>Notability

</th>

<th>References

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="George_Edmund_Badger" title="George Edmund Badger">George Edmund Badger</a>

</td>

<td>1816

</td>

<td><a href="United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">U.S. Secretary of the Navy</a>, U.S. Senator

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Henry_Baldwin_(judge)" title="Henry Baldwin (judge)">Henry Baldwin</a>

</td>

<td>1797

</td>

<td>Supreme Court justice and U.S. Representative

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Leonard_Bacon" title="Leonard Bacon">Leonard Bacon</a>

</td>

<td>1820

</td>

<td>Abolitionist and congregational preacher

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Joel_Barlow" title="Joel Barlow">Joel Barlow</a>

</td>

<td>1778

</td>

<td>Ambassador to France, drafted the <a href="Treaty_of_Tripoli" title="Treaty of Tripoli">Treaty of Tripoli</a>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="John_Brown_of_Pittsfield" title="John Brown of Pittsfield">John Brown of Pittsfield</a>

</td>

<td>1771

</td>

<td>Revolutionary War officer, a state legislator, and a Berkshire County judge

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a>

</td>

<td>1815

</td>

<td>18th <a href="United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a>, U.S. Senator

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Moses_Cleaveland" title="Moses Cleaveland">Moses Cleaveland</a>

</td>

<td>1777

</td>

<td>Founded <a href="Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, Ohio</a>; Brigadier General of Connecticut militia

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Mason_Fitch_Cogswell" title="Mason Fitch Cogswell">Mason Fitch Cogswell</a>

</td>

<td>1780

</td>

<td>Surgeon, pioneer of French sign language in the United States

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Carroll_Cutler" title="Carroll Cutler">Carroll Cutler</a>

</td>

<td>1854

</td>

<td>President of the <a href="Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">John Davis</a>

</td>

<td>1812

</td>

<td><a href="Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</a>, U.S. senator and Representative

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Henry_Durant" title="Henry Durant">Henry Durant</a>

</td>

<td>1827

</td>

<td>Founded the <a href="University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a>, Mayor of Oakland, California

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="William_Edmond" title="William Edmond">William Edmond</a>

</td>

<td>1778

</td>

<td>politician

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Christopher_Ellery" title="Christopher Ellery">Christopher Ellery</a>

</td>

<td>1787

</td>

<td>U.S. Senator

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="John_Elliott_(Georgia_politician)" title="John Elliott (Georgia politician)">John Elliott</a>

</td>

<td>1794

</td>

<td>U.S. Senator from Georgia.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="William_Ely" title="William Ely">William Ely</a>

</td>

<td>1787

</td>

<td>U.S. Representative from Massachusetts

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Jeremiah_Evarts" title="Jeremiah Evarts">Jeremiah Evarts</a>

</td>

<td>1802

</td>

<td>Missionary, reformer, and activist for the rights of <a href="Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Stephen_Clark_Foster" title="Stephen Clark Foster">Stephen Clark Foster</a>

</td>

<td>1840

</td>

<td><a href="Mayor_of_Los_Angeles" title="Mayor of Los Angeles">Mayor of Los Angeles</a>.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="James_Gadsden" title="James Gadsden">James Gadsden</a>

</td>

<td>1806

</td>

<td><a href="Adjutant_general" title="Adjutant general">Adjutant General</a> of the U.S. Army

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Ezekiel_Gilbert" title="Ezekiel Gilbert">Ezekiel Gilbert</a>

</td>

<td>1778

</td>

<td>U.S. Representative from New York

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Thomas_R._Gold" title="Thomas R. Gold">Thomas R. Gold</a>

</td>

<td>1786

</td>

<td>U.S. Representative

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Chauncey_Goodrich" title="Chauncey Goodrich">Chauncey Goodrich</a>

</td>

<td>1776

</td>

<td>U.S. Senator, 8th lieutenant governor of Connecticut

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Gideon_Granger" title="Gideon Granger">Gideon Granger</a>

</td>

<td>1787

</td>

<td>U.S. Postmaster General

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Richard_Henry_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Henry Green">Richard Henry Green</a>

</td>

<td>1857

</td>

<td>First <a href="African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American</a> to graduate from Yale

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Ray_Greene_(politician)" title="Ray Greene (politician)">Ray Greene</a>

</td>

<td>1784

</td>

<td>U.S. Senator and Attorney General

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Thomas_H._Hubbard" title="Thomas H. Hubbard">Thomas H. Hubbard</a>

</td>

<td>1799

</td>

<td>U.S. Representative

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="William_Hull" title="William Hull">William Hull</a>

</td>

<td>1772

</td>

<td>General in the <a href="War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, Governor of Michigan

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="David_Humphreys_(soldier)" title="David Humphreys (soldier)">David Humphreys</a>

</td>

<td>1771

</td>

<td>American <a href="American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> colonel, Ambassador to Portugal

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="James_Lanman" title="James Lanman">James Lanman</a>

</td>

<td>1788

</td>

<td>U.S. Senator from Connecticut, <a href="Secretary_of_State_of_New_York" title="Secretary of State of New York">Secretary of State of New York</a>. U.S. Representative

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Henry_Meigs" title="Henry Meigs">Henry Meigs</a>

</td>

<td>1799

</td>

<td>U.S. Senator from New York

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a>

</td>

<td>1810

</td>

<td>Inventor of <a href="Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse code</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Thomas_J._Oakley" title="Thomas J. Oakley">Thomas J. Oakley</a>

</td>

<td>1801

</td>

<td>U.S. Representative from New York, Attorney General for New York.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Peter_Buell_Porter" title="Peter Buell Porter">Peter Buell Porter</a>

</td>

<td>1791

</td>

<td>12th <a href="United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">U.S. Secretary of War</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Israel_Smith" title="Israel Smith">Israel Smith</a>

</td>

<td>1781

</td>

<td><a href="Governor_of_Vermont" title="Governor of Vermont">Governor of Vermont</a>, senator, and U.S. representative

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Benjamin_Silliman" title="Benjamin Silliman">Benjamin Silliman</a>

</td>

<td>1796

</td>

<td>chemist, first to distill <a href="Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a>, and a founder of the <a href="American_Journal_of_Science" title="American Journal of Science">American Journal of Science</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="John_William_Sterling" title="John William Sterling">John William Sterling</a>

</td>

<td>1864

</td>

<td>Founder of Shearling & Sterling

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="William_Strong_(Pennsylvania_judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Strong (Pennsylvania judge)">William Strong</a>

</td>

<td>1828

</td>

<td>Supreme Court justice

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Alphonso_Taft" title="Alphonso Taft">Alphonso Taft</a>

</td>

<td>1833

</td>

<td><a href="United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">U.S. Secretary of War</a>, <a href="United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">U.S. Attorney General</a>, founder of <a href="Skull_and_Bones" title="Skull and Bones">Skull and Bones</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Benjamin_Tallmadge" title="Benjamin Tallmadge">Benjamin Tallmadge</a>

</td>

<td>1773

</td>

<td>Spymaster and leader of the <a href="Culper_Ring" title="Culper Ring">Culper Ring</a>, <a href="Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> captain, U.S. representative

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Thomas_Thacher" title="Thomas Thacher">Thomas Thacher</a>

</td>

<td>1872

</td>

<td>lawyer

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Uriah_Tracy" title="Uriah Tracy">Uriah Tracy</a>

</td>

<td>1778

</td>

<td><a href="United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. senator</a>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Morrison_Waite" title="Morrison Waite">Morrison Waite</a>

</td>

<td>1837

</td>

<td><a href="Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> of the U.S. Supreme Court

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Noah_Webster" title="Noah Webster">Noah Webster</a>

</td>

<td>1778

</td>

<td>founding father, author of <a href="Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a> dictionary

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>1854

</td>

<td>First Chinese student to graduate from an American university, businessman

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Oliver_Wolcott_Jr." title="Oliver Wolcott Jr.">Oliver Wolcott Jr.</a>

</td>

<td>1778

</td>

<td><a href="United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">U.S. Secretary of the Treasury</a> and 24th governor of Connecticut

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="William_Channing_Woodbridge" title="William Channing Woodbridge">William Channing Woodbridge</a>

</td>

<td>1812

</td>

<td>Geographer and educational reformer

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Chauncey_Langdon" title="Chauncey Langdon">Chauncey Langdon</a>

</td>

<td>1787

</td>

<td>United States Representative from Vermont (1815-1817

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Theodore_Dwight_Woolsey" title="Theodore Dwight Woolsey">Theodore Dwight Woolsey</a>

</td>

<td>1820

</td>

<td>President of Yale College, author, and academic

</td>

<td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><div id="Yale_University_Library567" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Yale_University_Library" title="Yale University Library">Yale University Library</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0173af; color:white;;width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sterling_Memorial_Library" title="Sterling Memorial Library">Sterling Memorial Library</a> (main)</li>

<li><a href="Bass_Library" title="Bass Library">Bass Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Beinecke_Rare_Book_%26_Manuscript_Library" title="Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library">Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Lillian_Goldman_Law_Library" title="Lillian Goldman Law Library">Goldman Law Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Harvey_Cushing/John_Hay_Whitney_Medical_Library" title="Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library">Cushing/Whitney Medical Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Lewis_Walpole_Library" title="Lewis Walpole Library">Lewis Walpole Library (Farmington, CT)</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0173af; color:white;;width:1%">History and collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Yale_Babylonian_Collection" title="Yale Babylonian Collection">Babylonian Collection</a></li>

<li><a href="Calliopean_Society" title="Calliopean Society">Calliopean Society</a></li>

<li><a href="Fortunoff_Video_Archive_for_Holocaust_Testimonies" title="Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies">Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies</a></li>

<li><a href="Linonian_Society" title="Linonian Society">Linonian Society</a></li>

<li><a href="Oral_History_of_American_Music" title="Oral History of American Music">Oral History of American Music</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0173af; color:white;;width:1%">Prizes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bollingen_Prize" title="Bollingen Prize">Bollingen Prize</a></li>

<li><a href="Windham%E2%80%93Campbell_Literature_Prizes" title="Windham–Campbell Literature Prizes">Windham–Campbell Literature Prizes</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#0173af; color:white;"><div>

<ul><li> Category</li>

<li> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yale_University_Library" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Yale University Library">Commons</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="College_Literary_Societies184" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#041E42;color:#FFFFFF;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AFA9A0, inset -2px -2px 0 #AFA9A0;;background:color:#FFFFFF; color:#FFFFFF; border: 2px solid #373A9B"><div id="College_Literary_Societies184" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="College_literary_societies" title="College literary societies">College Literary Societies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#041E42;color:#FFFFFF;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AFA9A0, inset -2px -2px 0 #AFA9A0;;width:1%">Single campus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (<a href="Philolexian_Society" title="Philolexian Society">Philolexian Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Davidson_College" title="Davidson College">Davidson College</a> (<a href="Eumenean_Society" title="Eumenean Society">Eumenean Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Erskine_College" title="Erskine College">Erskine College</a> (<a href="Euphemian_Literary_Society" title="Euphemian Literary Society">Euphemian Literary Society</a>, <a href="Philomathean_Literary_Society_(Erskine_College)" title="Philomathean Literary Society (Erskine College)">Philomathean Literary Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> (<a href="Enosinian_Society" title="Enosinian Society">Enosinian Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a> (<a href="Philodemic_Society" title="Philodemic Society">Philodemic Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Hampden%E2%80%93Sydney_College" title="Hampden–Sydney College">Hampden–Sydney College</a> (<a href="Union-Philanthropic_Society" title="Union-Philanthropic Society">Union-Philanthropic Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="Signet_Society" title="Signet Society">Signet Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Illinois_College" title="Illinois College">Illinois College</a> (<a href="Gamma_Nu" title="Gamma Nu">Gamma Nu</a>, <a href="Phi_Alpha_Literary_Society" title="Phi Alpha Literary Society">Phi Alpha Literary Society</a>, <a href="Sigma_Phi_Epsilon_Literary_Society" title="Sigma Phi Epsilon Literary Society">Sigma Phi Epsilon</a>, <a href="Sigma_Pi_(literary_society)" title="Sigma Pi (literary society)">Sigma Pi</a>)</li>

<li><a href="New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> (<a href="Eucleian_Society" title="Eucleian Society">Eucleian Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (<a href="American_Whig%E2%80%93Cliosophic_Society" title="American Whig–Cliosophic Society">American Whig–Cliosophic Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="SUNY_Geneseo" class="mw-redirect" title="SUNY Geneseo">SUNY Geneseo</a> (<a href="Delphic_Fraternity" title="Delphic Fraternity">Delphic Fraternity</a>)</li>

<li><a href="University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> (<a href="University_of_Chicago_Poetry_Club" title="University of Chicago Poetry Club">University of Chicago Poetry Club</a>)</li>

<li><a href="University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a> (<a href="Demosthenian_Literary_Society" title="Demosthenian Literary Society">Demosthenian Literary Society</a>, <a href="Phi_Kappa_Literary_Society" title="Phi Kappa Literary Society">Phi Kappa Literary Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">University of North Carolina</a> (<a href="Dialectic_and_Philanthropic_Societies" title="Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies">Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies</a>)</li>

<li><a href="University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> (<a href="Philomathean_Society" title="Philomathean Society">Philomathean Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a> (<a href="Clariosophic_Society" title="Clariosophic Society">Clariosophic Society</a>, <a href="Euphradian_Society" title="Euphradian Society">Euphradian Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a> (<a href="Jefferson_Literary_and_Debating_Society" title="Jefferson Literary and Debating Society">Jefferson Literary and Debating Society</a>, <a href="Washington_Literary_Society_and_Debating_Union" title="Washington Literary Society and Debating Union">Washington Literary Society and Debating Union</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Washington_%26_Jefferson_College" title="Washington & Jefferson College">Washington & Jefferson College</a> (<a href="Literary_societies_at_Washington_%26_Jefferson_College" title="Literary societies at Washington & Jefferson College">Literary societies at Washington & Jefferson College</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Vassar_College" title="Vassar College">Vassar College</a> (<a href="The_Philaletheis_Society" title="The Philaletheis Society">The Philaletheis Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (, <a href="Calliopean_Society" title="Calliopean Society">Calliopean Society</a>, <a href="Crotonia_(literary_society)" title="Crotonia (literary society)">Crotonia</a>, <a href="Elizabethan_Club" title="Elizabethan Club">Elizabethan Club</a>, <a href="Linonian_Society" title="Linonian Society">Linonian Society</a>, <a href="Yale_Political_Union" title="Yale Political Union">Yale Political Union</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#041E42;color:#FFFFFF;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AFA9A0, inset -2px -2px 0 #AFA9A0;;width:1%">Multi-campus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alpha_Delta_Phi_Society" title="Alpha Delta Phi Society">Alpha Delta Phi Society</a></li>

<li><a href="St._Anthony_Hall" title="St. Anthony Hall">St. Anthony Hall</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#041E42;color:#FFFFFF;box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #AFA9A0, inset -2px -2px 0 #AFA9A0;;width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Colgate_University" title="Colgate University">Colgate University</a> (<a href="Adelphian_Society" title="Adelphian Society">Adelphian Society</a>, <a href="Gamma_Phi_Society" title="Gamma Phi Society">Gamma Phi Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (<a href="Peithologian_Society" title="Peithologian Society">Peithologian Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> (<a href="Cornell_literary_societies" title="Cornell literary societies">Cornell literary societies</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Hendrix_College" title="Hendrix College">Hendrix College</a> (<a href="Harlan_Literary_Society" title="Harlan Literary Society">Harlan Literary Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> (<a href="Philomathean_Society_(New_York_University)" title="Philomathean Society (New York University)">Philomathean Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a> (<a href="Peithessophian_Society" title="Peithessophian Society">Peithessophian Society</a>, <a href="Philoclean_Society" title="Philoclean Society">Philoclean Society</a>)</li>

<li><a href="University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">University of Rochester</a> (<a href="Delphic_Society_(Rochester)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delphic Society (Rochester)">Delphic Society</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4975704#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata638" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4975704#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata638" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/149371473">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr94029570">United States</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/group/3db2f20b-21d0-4f9c-a4fa-0c0ada6f618a">Yale LUX</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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